This paper aims to provide a comprehensive comparative analysis of Eurasianism in Russia, Türkiye, and Kazakhstan. It delves into the historical, political, and economic aspects of each country’s Eurasianist ideology, examining similarities and differences between them. Through this analysis, the paper seeks to gain a better understanding of the role that Eurasianism plays in each country’s foreign policy and regional strategies. The paper also explores the impact of Eurasianism on the relationships between Russia, Türkiye, and Kazakhstan, as well as its implications for regional security and cooperation. The main argument of this paper is that while Russian, Turkish, and Kazakh Eurasianism share some commonalities in their emphasis on the importance of the Eurasian region and its unique cultural and historical identity, there are notable differences in the way that this identity is understood and articulated, as well as differences in geopolitical priorities and approaches to democracy and authoritarianism. It provides a valuable contribution to the scholarly debate on Eurasianism and serves as a useful resource for policymakers and analysts seeking to better understand the geopolitical landscape of the Eurasian region.


DOI : https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2023.2-01 [HTML]

In light of continuing geopolitical and geoeconomic transformations in Eurasia, regional and international players are revising their foreign policies toward Central Asia. Japan, which has been developing stable and value-oriented cooperation with the region, has also been affected by the current transformations that impact the relationship with Central Asia. The paper attempts to reintroduce Japan’s vision of Central Asia by unpacking Japan’s larger matrix of foreign policy and scrutinising its humanitarian and development assistance efforts in Central Asia. The paper first focuses on the retrospective developments of Japan’s engagement with the region. Then it discloses the economic underpinnings of cooperation. Further, discuss development assistance mechanisms in Central Asia. In conclusion, the paper summarises Japan’s engagement with Central Asia in connection to previous and ongoing political and economic developments in the region. By doing so, another perspective on Japan-Central Asia affairs will be provided that enables scientific discussions on Japan’s transforming foreign policy.


DOI : https://doi.org/ 10.53277/2519-2442-2023.2-02 [HTML]

The regional integration initiatives undertaken by the Russian Federation and the European Union (EU) in the post-Soviet space since the 1990s and the Ukrainian response to such initiatives constitute one of the main factors (and yet not sufficiently explored) behind the geopolitical tension involving the current war in Ukraine. This research shows how Kyiv's reaction towards the aspirations of both Russia and the European Union in the post-Soviet space spurred an acute competition between Moscow and the West, which set the scene for the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.


DOI : https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2023.2-03 [HTML]

The original foundations of democratic politics in Bosnia and Herzegovina were developed during the period of Austro-Hungarian occupation, and political pluralism was institutionalized in an incomplete form in 1910. The monarchical regime in the first Yugoslav state did not stimulate political development in Bosnia and Herzegovina, because fictitious political pluralism was introduced in political practice. It was not possible to achieve enviable political development not even in a second Yugoslav state, because it was built on the principles of socialist monism. The independent and sovereign existence of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina is limited by ethnocracy and imposed stabilocracy. First, this article will investigate to what extent the post-socialist development of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which takes place in the stages after the multi-party elections in 1990, is determined by earlier political experiences, and above all by the original concept of incomplete democratic politics founded during the Austro-Hungarian occupation government.


DOI : https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2023.2-04 [HTML]

After 1991, the phenomenon of the Turkic world turned from an ideological dream to a political reality, with the independent Turkic states becoming equal and sovereign subjects in the international system and international politics. In this process, many cooperation organizations (TURKSOY, TURKPA, TWESCO, etc.) were established among the Turkic states. The Organization of Turkic States (OTS), established in 2009 as the umbrella organization of the Turkic world cooperation organizations, became even stronger with the membership of Uzbekistan in 2019. The 2021 Istanbul Summit and 2022 Samarkand Summit of the OTS are extremely important for the future of cooperation in the Turkic world. In this study, the political vision for the OTS and the Turkic World Vision - 2040 will be analyzed.


DOI : https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2023.2-05 [HTML]

DOI : https://doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2023.2-06 [HTML]